An Interview About Human Resources - 1139 Words

Introduction: Sarah Cox is my interviewee; the interview was conducted on the fly with a phone call due to her busy schedule. Sarah has been in her current role as the Vice President of Human Resources for eight months now at L.L. Bean. She started out at the company as a summer hire right before attending graduate school at Harvard University’s divinity school to study Organizational Ethics. I came into contact with Sarah while attending The State of New Hampshire’s PBL/FBLA conference where she was the keynote guest speaker and she shared her email with the students attending and opened the door to connect with her. I felt this was a good opportunity to learn more about L. L. Bean and the field of human resources. So, a few days after†¦show more content†¦5) Are you apart of the society for human resource managers or any other professional organization and if so has it helped your career? She is a member of the National Retail Federation (NRF) and The Society for Human Resource Managers (SHRM). She uses these networks to hear problems and solutions, but also to learn the latest information regarding the retail sector. 6) Does LL Bean passively or actively recruit for talent and which way do you personally prefer and why? L. L. Bean does both and sometimes they even drive around the L. L. Bean boot-bus to college campuses across the country to try to attract college kids to work for the company. She told the conference she would like to be able to drive the bus someday. She does not have a preference regarding how talent is attracted to the organization and told me sometimes L. L. Bean uses search parties to find executives for their organization if her staff are busy. She believes good organizations actively and passively recruits for talent at all levels within an organization. 7) What matters more to LL Bean when they are considering hiring a candidate is it occupational experience, academic achievement, personal qualities, a mix of the three, or something altogether different? LL Bean takes a balanced look at all three to determine the candidates suit for the role available. She says the thing whichShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of A Human Resource Generalist1236 Words   |  5 PagesMy desired career is that of a human resource generalist. The field of a human resource generalist is responsible for the recruitment, new employee orientation, on-boarding and off-boarding, and prepares and maintain employee handbook of the organization’s workforce. To obtain a position as a human resource generalist, employers look for someone with a bachelor’s degree in human resource management. 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Arab Isreali War - 4432 Words

Introduction After the Arab-Israeli war of 1948, tensions between the newly founded Jewish state and the Arab states were at an all time high, but it wasn’t until May and June of 1967 that tensions would turn volatile. The region was in a state of anarchy with multiple states competing for power within the region. Actions by leaders of both states made the already convoluted situation harder to interpret, and would ultimately lead to one state’s action. During those months, Arab nations, more specifically Egypt, began to impose trade restrictions, massing forces upon Israel’s border, and disputing Israeli water rights on the Jordan River. These actions began to bring forth the reasons as to why Israel, while greatly outnumbered, decided†¦show more content†¦After 60,000 Egyptian soldiers and Five years of fighting in the Yemen, the Egyptian Army was stretched thin and in need of refitting. It was clear that the Egyptian Army was in no condition to fight the Israeli Defense Force (IDF). 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Negative Aspects Of Construction Methods †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Negative Aspects Of Construction Methods? Answer: Introducation This report is the description and analysis of the negative and positive aspects of the three methods of procurement for the construction. The three modern procurement methods are also discussed exclusively together with other modern types of procurement methods have also been reported. The problems and benefits that these procurement methods have on developer/client, end-users, builders, and consultants. Some of the types of procurement include Public-Private Partnership, construction management method, Design and Construct, and Design, Bid, Build (DBB). The procurement for construction is a solution which gives the necessary support and guidance to assist in reducing the cost and risks overruns. This system assists agencies to realize prosperous project results through provision of support and guidance to assist in risks minimization as well as overruns in cost, helping agencies, and their advisers to apply suitable discipline levels to procurement and through provision of a consistent basis for interface management between private sector and government (Akintola Akintoye, 2015, p. 189). The procurement system for construction gives support for selecting appropriate contracting and procurement strategies, preparing for tender contracts and documents based on forms that are standard, selecting consultants and contractors with records of performance that is proven, efficient contracts management such as checklist of sample letter, resolution of disputes and claims that are contractual, and maintaining efficient system of performance management through reporting and monitoring. Some of the factors influencing the strategy of procurement include timing, project characteristics, external factors such as commercial, social, and political factors, cost issues, client resources, ability to make changes, and project characteristic (Austroads Limited, 2012, p. 158). Discussion The three types of procurement that have been discussed exclusively in this paper include Public-Private Partnership, construction management method, Design and Construct, and Design, Bid, Build (DBB). Their characteristics, positive and negative aspects of the above three mentioned procurement methods are also discussed with the concentration made of their effects on developer/client, builders, consultants, end-users, and sub-contractors(Derek H. T. Walker, 2013, p. 278). The Design Bid Build Procurement Method The major parties involved in the DBB method are the contractor, design consultant, and principal as illustrated in the figure below: The DBB is a construction delivery procedure such that the owner or agency contracts with different entities for construction and project design. The three major categories of DBB method include: Design phase: For this section, the owner preserves an architect to produce and design the document of bidding, such as drawings of the construction as well as technical specifications of which many general contractors will in turn bid to project construction. In case of a project of building, the architect should work with the possessor to find out the needs of the owner (Frank R. Dagostino, 2011, p. 189). Tender or bidding phase: The process of bidding may be free such that any bidder that is qualified can take part or select. A specific number of contractors who are pre-selected are invited to make a bid (G. William Quatman, 2015, p. 179). Construction phase: After the awarding of the construction of the project, the documents of the bids should not be altered. The required permits such as building permit should be met so as the process of construction is started. The consultant of the design helps the principal in the process of selection of suitable contractor of the construction and then carries out the following functions drafting the conditions of the tender, recommending the procedure of the process of tender, evaluating the tenders, recommending the winning tenderers, and then recommending the sub-contractors preferred. The relationship between the head contract and the principal is a significant since after the issuing of the construct, the contractor and the head contractor will construct the project whose conditions include building the building at a certain cost, completing the building at a given time, and finishing the building to a high standard of quality. The consultant of the design assumes the full authority of the contract after the awarding of the tender (Goodhew, 2013, p. 289). The links between subcontractors and head contractor since after the awarding of the contract, the actual work will be done by a subcontractor who is specialized for that particular field. The head contractor splits the actual contract into a smaller contract as then assumes the role of construction activities manager which include resource allocation, subcontractors co-ordination, and budgeting and programming (Goodhew, 2013, p. 308). Positive aspects of the Design Bid Build The estimation of the cost may be made before the awarding of the contract fairly. There is the limitation of financial risks because the majority of the risks are taken by the construction contractor. The variations in design are minimized since the documentation of the design are finalized before the awarding of the construction to the contractor. The design team take note of the owners interest There is fairness during the bidding process on the bidders that are potential and develops the process of decision-making since the owner has a wide variety of probable choices (Jeffrey L. Beard, 2010, p. 189). Negative aspects of Design Bid Build The construction of the project cannot begin until it is fully documented and designed. The contractor of the construction does not take part in the design hence does not input their management and technical expertise. There are high risks of predatory bidding if there are documentation and design errors. The construction and design team can be under pressure because of competing for interests (Jeffrey N. Buxbaum, 2014, p. 216). Public-Private Partnership Procurement Method This is an arrangement that is corporative among tow or even more private and public sectors generally of a long duration. The Public-Private Partnership is a method of transferring the responsibilities to the private sector such as a construction company owned by an individual from the public sector owned by the government such as transferring construction contract from the public sector to private sector. This procurement approach may be (BOOT) which is an abbreviation of Build Own Operate Transfer (BOOT) or (BOT) which is an abbreviation of Build Operate Transfer method of delivery such that the computer doing the construction constructs the project, take ownership for a given duration, operates the building for the duration it is owning it, and then transferring the assets back to the real owner (Jeffrey N. Buxbaum, 2014, p. 218). An example of the Public Private Partnership is the M7 motorway project. The links between the principal together with the consortium and promoter in the Public Private Partnership is a mutual relationship. The consortium and promoter commence the process of construction and management of the construction. The promoter and the consortium have the responsibility of funding the construction. The promoter then engages the contractor of the construction who in turn takes on the design and construction risks. The principal may incorporate guarantees into the construction plan so as to reduce the traffic flow or else allowing the operator to carry out the construction in return for rent (John Bennett (P.A.), 2010, p. 149). Benefits of the Private Public Partnership This method is important by encouraging investments into the public sector and more efficient management of public resources. This method provides higher timely and quality provision of the services to the public. The private entity is given a chance to acquire an implementation that is long-term. There is the faster completion of the projects and construction as well as limited delays on projects of infrastructure. This method ensures higher efficiency since the government budget deficits and budgets are greatly reduced (John Bennett (P.A.), 2013, p. 169). Negative aspects of the Private Public Partnership Poor communication and understanding due to the diversity of and differing in languages spoken between the sectors. Factors such as regulation, performance measurements, nature funding, and government regulations can be interpreted differently. Conflicts can arise from disagreements causing the partnership to be a halt. Lack of understanding and poor communications are usually the major causing conflicts between the members involved in the construction. This procurement method is also faced by the funding priorities since the parties involved cannot decide on where the funding should be placed leading to loss of some time and resources making the project to delay. The services and infrastructure being delivered by the constructor may be more expensive than other procurement methods. The procedures involved in the Public Private Partnership are more costly and takes a longer duration as compared to other procurement methods (Keith Potts, 2012, p. 179). Design and Construct Procurement Method The Design and Construct procurement method is where a person design and construct within a single organization. This method is also known as turn-key or package deal methods. The Design and Construct method is usually carried out in a construction company which subcontracts the design to consultants of the design, a company which has the authority to do construction and design or a combined venture which uses a construction company and design company (Marcus C. Jefferies, 2011, p. 139). The Design and Construct method needs some quick tracking during the process through overlapping the construction and design stages. The principal has a greater involvement in this method compared to the approach of Design Bid Build. The principal in the Design and Construct method has a sole point of contact which is normally the contractor of the construction. The major parties that take part in the Design and Construct method of procurement are the head contractor and the principal, where the head contractor being the point of contact for the subcontractors and consultants of the design. This is illustrated in the figure below: Since the head contractor is involved in the initial stages, the majority of the risks are eliminated since they give their expertise of the construction from the beginning of the stage of design. Normally the Design and Contracts involve incidents as drawings and documentation may not be entirely complete at the stage of estimation. In case a huge number of contracts is sought in a Design and Construct method, the duration needed in the stage of tendering is prolonged, as the tenderers require duration to tender and design, while the client requires duration to scrutinize the tenders, as well as each company, can have full diversity of the designs (John Bennett (P.A.), 2013, p. 248). Benefits of Design and Construct Approach The client has to the pact with a single firm and minimizing the requirement of committing time and resources contracting contractors and designers separately. There is certainty in price before the commencement of the construction since the requirements of the clients are exact and variations are not introduced. High constructability because of the input of the contractor into the design. The overlap of the construction and design activities may minimize the duration of the project (Austroads Limited, 2012, p. 217). Negative Aspects of the Design and Construct There is difficulty in extending the time in this method of procurement leading to the application of liquidated damages, no bonus of late accomplishment, and bonus for early accomplishment. The Design and Construct approach may lead to variations which will cause blowout to the budget and design error. There is also need of including special conditions in the contract when implementing this procurement approach (Frank R. Dagostino, 2011, p. 179). Conclusion This report is the description and analysis of the negative and positive aspects of the three methods of procurement for the construction. The three modern procurement methods that have been discussed exclusively together with other modern types of procurement methods have also been reported. The problems and benefits that these procurement methods have on developer/client, end-users, builders, and consultants have also been discussed in this report. Some of the types of procurement discussed in this report include Public-Private Partnership, construction management method, Design and Construct, and Design, Bid, Build (DBB). The DBB is a construction delivery procedure such that the owner or agency contracts with different entities for construction and a project design. The Public-Private Partnership is a method of transferring the responsibilities to the private sector such as a construction company owned by an individual from the public sector owned by the government such as transferring construction contract from the public sector to private sector. The Design and Construct procurement method is where a person design and construct within a single organization. This method is also known as turn-key or package deal methods. References Akintola Akintoye, M. B. C. H., 2015. Public-Private Partnerships: Managing Risks and Opportunities. Paris: John Wiley Sons. Austroads Limited, E. C., 2012. Building and Construction Procurement Guide: Principles and Options. London: Austroads Limited. Austroads Limited, E. C., 2013. Building and Construction Procurement Guide: Principles and Options. Michigan: Austroads Limited. Derek H. T. Walker, B. M. L.-W., 2013. Collaborative Project Procurement Arrangements. California: Project Management Institute. Elias G. Carayannis, Y.-H. K. F. T. A., 2015. The Story of Managing Projects: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Michigan: Greenwood Publishing Group. Elisa Casey, P. L. C. M., 2016. Guide to Project Delivery. Paris: Elisa Casey, Peter Letts, Colin MacKay. Frank R. Dagostino, L. F., 2011. Project Management Institute. Chicago: Prentice Hall. William Quatman, I. R. (. D., 2015. The Architect's Guide to Design-Build Services. New York: John Wiley Sons. Goodhew, S., 2013. Sustainable Construction Processes: A Resource Text. London: John Wiley Sons. Jeffrey L. Beard, L. E. E. C. W., 2010. Design-Build: Planning Through Development. London: McGraw Hill Professional. Jeffrey N. Buxbaum, I. N. O., 2014. Public Sector Decision Making for Public-private Partnerships. Colorado: Transportation Research Board. John Bennett (P.A.), E. P. G. R., 2010. Designing and Building a World-class Industry: The University of Reading Design and Build Forum Report. Paris: Centre for Strategic Studies in Construction. John Bennett (P.A.), E. P. G. R., 2013. Designing and Building a World-class Industry: The University of Reading Design and Build Forum Report. Colorado: University of Reading. Centre for Strategic Studies in Construction. Keith Potts, N. A., 2012. Construction Cost Management: Learning from Case Studies. Toledo: Routledge. Levy, S. M., 2012. Design-Build Project Delivery: Managing the Building Process from Proposal Through Construction. London: McGraw Hill Professional. Marcus C. Jefferies, S. R., 2011. New Forms of Procurement: PPP and Relational Contracting in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge.

The differences between American and British English

The English language spoken in the United States of America is what is referred to us as American English. The Americans born in this environment are considered the native speakers of this language.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The differences between American and British English specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the English language being spoken by the people living in the British Commonwealth countries is what is referred to us as British English. Although the English language may seem as just English to some people who are not native speakers, the American English differs considerably from the British variant in spelling, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. The first instance of differences in American and British English occurs in spelling. This is well portrayed in the way different forms of stressed and unstressed syllables are written. For instance, in British English, the stressed form of the word ‘travel’ has a double ‘l’ syllables and is thus written as ‘travelled’, while in American English, the word ‘travel’ has a single ‘l’ in its stressed form and is thus written as ‘traveled’ in the stressed form (Hargis 64). Grammatically, American and British variants differ in several ways. The differences normally come out in many ways; however, one in which these differences are the most evident is in the way collective nouns are applied in a sentence. Collective noun being the general name for a group of people or things is normally followed by a singular or plural form of a verb, depending on the way the group is conceptualized by an individual. In British English, the collective noun can agree either with plural form of the verb or with a singular one. However, in American English, the collective noun is always followed by a verb in a singular form. For example, in American English, one can only say â€Å"which squad is loosing?† while in British English, one says â€Å"which squad is loosing?† or â€Å"which squad are loosing?† (Bragg 2).Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, American and British variants differ in pronunciations to a certain extent. The way certain words are articulated in British dialect is not the same as they are articulated in American one. The way American English sounds is called general American pronunciation; such as that heard over the radio (Bragg 1). The British equivalent pronunciation is termed as the Received Pronunciation, such as that heard over the radio. One point in which the British and American pronunciation differs is the way ‘r’ is pronounced in words. In the general American pronunciation, the letter ‘r’ is always pronounced and termed as rhetoric, while in the Briti sh Received Pronunciation, the letter ‘r’ is always silent and termed as ‘non-rhetoric’. Thus, in American English, the letter ‘r’ in the word ‘car’ will be loud and sound as ‘kar’, but in British English, the letter ‘r’ in the same word will be silent and thus pronounced as ‘kah’. There is also a considerable lexical difference between American and British English. Some vocabulary use in the American context may differ in pronunciation, spelling and meaning. For instance, in the vocabulary used in transport industry, the use of some terminologies differs. In the United Kingdom, the part of the road used by people is termed as a pavement, while in America; it is called a sidewalk (Blunt 59). Generally, there are some considerable differences in English spoken by Americans. These differences are associated with culture and environment that exist in Britain and the USA. However, despite the diff erences, English spoken by the two regions is generally understood by all. Works Cited Blunt, Jerry. Special English words with American equivalents. New York: Stage Dialects Dramatic Publishing Company, 1994. Print. Bragg, Rebecca. â€Å"The grammatical differences between American British Englishâ€Å". Ehow.com. 2012. Web. https://www.ehow.com/.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The differences between American and British English specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hargis, Summers. Rules Britannia: An insider’s guide to life in the United Kingdom. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2006. Print. This essay on The differences between American and British English was written and submitted by user Darnell Martin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Interpersonal Communication

Interpersonal Deception Lippard, V. P. (winter 1988). â€Å"Ask Me No Questions, Ill Tell You No Lies†. Western Journal of communication, 52, 91-103. â€Å"Ask Me no More Questions I’ll tell you no Lies† written by Paula V. Lippard. This a research article about her study on interpersonal deception. Interpersonal Deception is a study of how people lie or deceive others while they are communicating. Lippard takes the findings of three authors before her. She brings them together and adds new research fulfilling its need for further information. In Lippards study, she will take voluntary college students and have them record every act of deception. They will be record every act over a three week period. Lippard used a past article write by Carl Camden, Michael T. Motley, and Ann Wilson in 1984. Lippard used some of the articles information before doing her study.(Camden, 1984) Camden states that lies are the most common form of duplicity used by man. Camden used the term white lies for social exaggerations or harmless deceptions and black lies for more serious trust breaking deceptions. In the study, they used 130 subjects recording the subjects natural conversations. Camden looked and studied the variety in answers during the conversations. In his conclusion, he found how frequent people actually lie. People lie in order to help cope with certain social contexts, sex, power, relationships ect. They feel that a white lie can be a better alternative to their misfortunes.(Camden, 1984) Another article lippard used was written by Dale Hample in 1980. He said that lies seem to be regarded as pollutants of communication, rather than as phenomena of intrinsic interest.(Hample 1980) Dale Hample’s research deals mostly with finding out when a lie occurs not so much understanding the lie. He used three tests in his research an open-minded questionnaire, tape recorded interviews, and a large social survey. Hamples s... Free Essays on Interpersonal Communication Free Essays on Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal Deception Lippard, V. P. (winter 1988). â€Å"Ask Me No Questions, Ill Tell You No Lies†. Western Journal of communication, 52, 91-103. â€Å"Ask Me no More Questions I’ll tell you no Lies† written by Paula V. Lippard. This a research article about her study on interpersonal deception. Interpersonal Deception is a study of how people lie or deceive others while they are communicating. Lippard takes the findings of three authors before her. She brings them together and adds new research fulfilling its need for further information. In Lippards study, she will take voluntary college students and have them record every act of deception. They will be record every act over a three week period. Lippard used a past article write by Carl Camden, Michael T. Motley, and Ann Wilson in 1984. Lippard used some of the articles information before doing her study.(Camden, 1984) Camden states that lies are the most common form of duplicity used by man. Camden used the term white lies for social exaggerations or harmless deceptions and black lies for more serious trust breaking deceptions. In the study, they used 130 subjects recording the subjects natural conversations. Camden looked and studied the variety in answers during the conversations. In his conclusion, he found how frequent people actually lie. People lie in order to help cope with certain social contexts, sex, power, relationships ect. They feel that a white lie can be a better alternative to their misfortunes.(Camden, 1984) Another article lippard used was written by Dale Hample in 1980. He said that lies seem to be regarded as pollutants of communication, rather than as phenomena of intrinsic interest.(Hample 1980) Dale Hample’s research deals mostly with finding out when a lie occurs not so much understanding the lie. He used three tests in his research an open-minded questionnaire, tape recorded interviews, and a large social survey. Hamples s...

The Best AP Style Cheat Sheet Every Writer Needs (Free Download)

The Best AP Style Cheat Sheet Every Writer Needs (Free Download) Clarity and consistency are building blocks of great content. When your writing is crisp, clear, and easy to understand, audiences are more likely to leave your site with a positive impression. Unfortunately, many brands forego style guides, and choose to wing it instead. This isn’t necessarily a fatal mistake by any means. However, it does often lead to content that looks sloppy. Without guidelines to enforce consistency, it’s easy to allow your content to become a formatting free-for-all where commas roam free and nothing follows a  clear logic. The results leave your blog or website looking the Wild West of basic grammatical conventions. If this sounds hyperbolic, consider this: newspapers are written to be as effortless to read as possible. Concise writing and consistent style go a long way toward achieving this goal. There’s a reason why your daily paper sounds how it does. It isn’t just a stubborn commitment to rules for their own sake. Does your content need to be perfect to be effective? Not nearly, no. But, everything you can do to enforce consistency and clarity will help your cause. The Best AP Style Cheat Sheet Every Writer Needs (Free Download) Table of Contents: Free Download What is AP Style? Who Uses AP Style? Ages Abbreviations and Acronyms Cities States Dates, Days, Months, Times, and Years Datelines Numbers Sizes, Dimensions, and Distances Punctuation Peoples Names Hyphens Quotes and Quotations Technology Terms Book, Movie, and Song Titles AP Style Checking Tools, Plugins, and Apps Bonus InfographicDownload Your Free AP Style Guide Cheat Sheet If you’d prefer to keep this guide handy in a portable format, you can download the entire thing as a PDF below. This is a good option for reading on tablets, e-readers, or simply keeping on file on your computer.What is AP Style? The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law  official style guide of the Associated Press, a not-for-profit news agency that’s been around since 1846. It’s often used by news organizations, magazines, and web publications, but brands often use it to form the basis of their own style guides, too. The official Associated Press style guide gets updated year to year. Here’s a look at some changes from back in 2016: Arguably, these changes have led to bloat. Detractors say the guide is excessively detailed, beyond the point of being necessary, or even useful. This author doesn’t disagree with this criticism (hence the creation of this simplified blog post). If following this specific style is important for your situation, though, consider buying the official version. It’s available in both digital and hard copies. NOTE: It’s important not to confuse AP style with APA style. Who Uses AP Style? Associated Press style is generally used by journalists, but they aren’t alone in using it. Here’s a short list of folks who might need to get familiar with it: Journalists Editors PR Professionals Marketers How Do You Denote Ages? A person’s age should always use numerals. When using age as an adjective (using their age to describe an individual), then use hyphens. Examples: The 20-year-old was arrested for underage consumption of an alcoholic beverage. At 34-years-old, Larry Fitzgerald remains impressively athletic. The five-year-old dog greets its owner every morning. Abbreviations and Acronyms Use abbreviations for well-known organizations. Acronyms for Organizations Ex: FBI, NASA, IRS, NFL, MLB, NHL, FIFA. For other organizations, spell it out on first mention, then use abbreviations for subsequent mentions. Use your best judgment. If people are unlikely to understand an abbreviation, then don’t use it. Examples: The FBI agent was assigned the case.NASA announced plans to visit Mars. The MLB has not announced hot dog price restrictions for this year. Abbreviations for Formal Titles Make sure your writing respects people’s formal titles. Some examples include political and medical titles. Follow these guidelines: Political titles should be abbreviated before full names outside of direct quotes. Examples: Sen. Heidi Heitkamp, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Rep. John Lewis. Medical titles follow similar format: Example: Dr. Michaela Quinn. Which Cities Stand Alone in AP Style? Some American cities are considered well-known enough they don’t need a state abbreviation. This makes sense, since most people know where they’re located. Here’s the full list of U.S. cities that fall under this criteria: Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Dallas Denver Detroit Honolulu Houston Indianapolis Las Vegas Los Angeles Miami Milwaukee Minneapolis New Orleans New York Oklahoma City Philadelphia Phoenix Pittsburgh St. Louis Salt Lake City San Antonio San Diego San Francisco Seattle Washington The same goes for the following international cities and country abbreviations: Amsterdam Baghdad Bangkok Beijing Beirut Berlin Brussels Cairo Djibouti Dublin Geneva Gibraltar Guatemala City Havana Helsinki Hong Kong Islamabad Mexico City Milan Monaco Montreal Moscow Munich New Delhi Panama City Paris Prague Quebec City Rio De Janeiro Rome San Marino Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Istanbul Jerusalem Johannesburg Kuwait City London Luxembourg Macau Madrid Stockholm Sydney Tokyo Toronto Vatican City Vienna ZurichHow to Format State Abbreviations Every state in the United States has a specific abbreviation. Some of these may not seem obvious. Follow this list to get them right. Alabama: Ala. Arizona: Ariz. Arkansas: Ark. California: Calif. Colorado: Colo. Connecticut: Conn. Delaware: Del. Florida: Fla. Georgia: Ga. Illinois: Ill. Indiana: Ind. Kansas: Kan. Kentucky: Ky. Louisiana: La. Maryland: Md. Massachusetts: Mass. Michigan: Mich. Minnesota: Minn. Mississippi: Miss. Missouri: Mo. Montana: Mont. Nebraska: Neb. Nevada: Nev. New Hampshire: N.H. New Jersey: N.J. New Mexico: N.M. New York: N.Y. North Carolina: N.C. North Dakota: N.D. Oklahoma: Okla. Oregon: Ore. Pennsylvania: Pa. Rhode Island: R.I. South Carolina: S.C. South Dakota: S.D. Tennessee: Tenn. Virginia: Va. Vermont: Vt. Washington: Wash. West Virginia: W. Va. Wisconsin: Wis. Wyoming: Wyo.Formatting Dates, Days, Months, Times, and Years in AP Style Dates and times have a number of formatting considerations. Dates: Follow this format: Monday (day), July 1 (month + date), 2018 (year). Times: Don’t use colons for times on the hour. Ex: 3 p.m., 8:30 a.m. Days: Omit st., th., rd., and th. Ex: July 1, not July 1st. Months: Abbreviate Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov. and Dec. when writing out a specific date. Spell out names of months when not used to indicate a specific date. Ex: Aug. 3, 2018. Years: Use numerals rather than spelling them out. Ex: 2018, not twenty-eighteen. Other Considerations For Dates and Times a.m. and p.m. should use periods and lower case letters. Never say â€Å"yesterday.† Use the day of the week instead. Formatting Datelines News articles often start with a dateline indicating the location, month, date, and year a story took place. Include city (and state if necessary in the U.S.). Examples: FARGO, N.D. (July, 1, 2018) MILWAUKEE (July 1, 2018) LONDON (July 1, 2018) Numbers Spell out numbers one through nine, and use digits for numbers 10 and higher. The following exceptions, however, should always use digits: Addresses Ages Monetary values. Dates and times. Sizes and dimensions. Percents. Speeds. Temperatures. When Should Numerals Be Used? Use numerals when referring to a sequence of events or people. Examples: Super Bowl XLV Queen Elizabeth II World War I What About Percentages? Always use the full word â€Å"percent.† The % sign shouldn’t be used. That key might feel neglected, but it’s okay. Example: The analyst predicted a 100 percent increase in site traffic. Sentences Starting With Years Avoid starting sentences with a number, unless referencing a year. Example: 1977 was the last year the Minnesota Vikings went to the Super Bowl. Sizes, Dimensions, and Distances Sizes and dimensions should use numerals and spell out units of measurement. The same goes for distances. Examples: The party sandwich was 10 feet long. The delivery driver traveled 12 miles during harsh weather. Bill Smith is 6-foot-5 and plays basketball in his spare time. Punctuation in AP Style You learned everything you needed to know about punctuation in high school English class, right? Well, maybe or maybe not, but this style has quirks of its own to consider. General Punctuation Here are some general punctuation guidelines: Use a single space after a period. Commas should go inside quotation marks. Serial Commas In AP style, commas are not included before conjunctions. However, they should be used to separate each item in a list. Example: I ate a hot dog, pizza slice, burger, and an entire pie. Using Periods Lean toward using periods in abbreviations where applicable. Example: Examples: U.N., M.A., U.S.A. Singular Nouns Ending in S When proper nouns end in an S, add an apostrophe at the end. Example: Sally Jones’ red stapler has been stolen. People’s Names Use their first and last name on first mention. Then, use only their last name on subsequent mentions. Example: David Johnson is a professional running back. Johnson plays for the Arizona Cardinals. Using Hyphens Correctly Use hyphens to connect words in compound adjectives. Example: The larger-than-life performer juggled seven swords. Formatting Quotes and Quotations Here are two points about quotation marks: Periods and commas always go within quotation marks. Use single quotations for quotes within quotes. Example: â€Å"The candy truck spilled all over the highway,† said the driver. â€Å"It’s a real ‘sticky situation’ on I-94.† Technology Terms There are more tech terms and brand names to consider coming out every day. Here’s a list of some common ones you may encounter. Google hashtag Internet Apple â€Å"i† products: iPad, iPod, iPhone, iMac, unless the word starts a sentence. Then, capitalize the I. e-book email Facebook LinkedIn Twitter tweet website Web page YouTube social media cellphone World Wide Web Android AppleUsing Correct AP Style for Book, Movie, and Song Titles Your favorite author, director, or musician isn’t likely to write you an angry letter over incorrect style usage when it comes to their art. An editor probably will, though. Here’s how to get it right every time. Books, Movies, and Song Titles Use quotation marks rather than italics. This goes against what likely feels right, and how you’d normally format them, but those are the rules. Examples: J.K. Rowling is the author of â€Å"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone.† â€Å"Party in the USA† does not make me feel like partying. It turns out that â€Å"Total Recall† was not a documentary. Newspaper, Magazine, and Website Names Use capitalization but no quotation marks nor italics. This blog post uses italics to highlight examples, so the publication names below have been rendered in normal paragraph text. Examples: The Guardian is a well-respected newspaper. Wired is a popular magazine for tech enthusiasts. Bob Jones is unsure where his Cat Fancy subscription came from. Other Considerations Capitalize formal titles before people’s names. Do not capitalize job titles before names. Use quotation marks for titles of books, movies, albums, and TV shows. AP Style Checking Tools, Plugins, and Apps Keeping all of this information straight can be a hassle (and this post only covers the majority of the most important elements to consider). Fortunately, there are several tools and plugins on the market that can help. Here are some worth checking out: AP Style Dates and Times (WordPress Plugin) AP Lingofy (Browser Extension) AP Style Guard (Desktop App) Bonus: AP Style Infographic That’s a Wrap Are there any details we missed? Drop a comment below and share with other readers.

Macroeconomics and the Newspaper Industry Assignment

Macroeconomics and the Newspaper Industry - Assignment Example In contrast, those news events delivered through television programs and online sites are more updated and therefore regarded most useful. Do you subscribe to a local paper, and if so, do you receive a print copy or receive it electronically? One does not subscribe anymore to a local paper due to the abovementioned reasons. However, previously, subscriptions were made so that a print copy is regularly received. When online sites started providing more accurate and updated news reports, subscription for printed newspaper was stopped. How have changes in the news industry affected unemployment? Changes in the news industry have affected the status of people being employed in the sector. As more news organizations and corporations close and stopped operations, necessarily, people who were previously employed with them lose their jobs (Ovide; Li). Discuss how changes in this industry have resulted in not only cyclical unemployment, but also frictional and structural unemployment. The changes in the industry exemplified cyclical, frictional and structural unemployment since the effect of factors in the external environment (slowdown of economic growth, recession (cyclical); people changing jobs (as a result of being laid-off from print organizations (frictional; and technological reliance on the internet for news causing significant decline in the demand for print copies of the newspaper (structural)) are interrelated and are contributory to the loss of jobs of people previously employed by newspaper organizations. Ovide, Shira. "Seattle Paper Advances Plans to Turn Into Online-Only Publication." The Wall Street Journal 9 March 2009: 1.Web. 18 June 2012.

World and Independent Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World and Independent Cinema - Essay Example Casino Royale reopens the sequence, creating a new timeline and chronicle sequence not meant to follow or head any earlier bond production. This enabled the movie to demonstrate an inexperienced and more valuable James and for once in the character, series of Miss Money Penny fails to appear. Additionally, forming the movie involved an intensive search for a new character to portray Bond, and critical debate surrounded Craig when he was appointed to take over from Pierce Brosnan, (Williams, 2006, p. 23). Casino Royale film documents the story of a newly selected British agent, James Bond, who in collaboration with impudent little agent of treasury, starts rogue mission to kill a terrorist bankroller in a high stakes poker game before his customers reach him first and try a global attack. The movie has some differences as compared to the mainstream (Hollywood) formula. For instance, when Pierce assumed the role of Bond J for Goldeneye, a lot was produced concerning the modernization of franchise. In fact, the only evident transformations were cosmetics, (Lindner, 2009, p. 45). Pierce Brosnan 007 is easily related to the character earlier performed by Connery S, Lazenby G, Moore R and Dalton T. With the rise of Craig Daniel to the authority to kill, martini, firearm and tux seismic shifts have taken place. The movie is not about the famous James bond of 1960s to 90s but the new era of M16s highly featured agent. The primary function of the film is to recreate the franchise. Daniel is not taking over after Brosnan; he is recreating the role. Additionally, as far as the film is concerned, little in the earlier 20 series has happened compared to the current scene. This is the origin story of Bond, and the only crucial bit of continuity is Dench Judy’s return as Mrs. M Forget. For decades now, James Bond formula has been submerged in an ocean of rip-offs and claimants, each highly over-the-top as compared to its successors. In a bid to

Law of International Trade Essay Example for Free

Law of International Trade Essay Introduction Coffee Beans that were bought in Sao Paulo, Brazil are to be transported to a depot based in Durham, England. The total weight of the Coffee Beans to be shipped is 1500 tonnes. At first, this may seem to be an ordinary shipment on the surface. However, when putting into perspective the amount of legalities to be fulfilled and the massive quantity of beans involved, the daunting nature of the task becomes evident. Every country has its own set of peculiar trade laws. These laws become more complex and stringent when it comes to International trade. However, while trading across boundaries, the local domestic law needs to be respected at any cost. An International trade law is a combination of the law of the land and international laws governing the transactions of goods or services across borders (Cornell, 2005). Multilateral treaties are also signed between countries to resolve disputes and effectively enforce mutually consented terms and conditions. This is done to standardize the entire process and prevent conflicts. For instance, the Convention on contracts for the International Sales of Goods  (CISG) is one such international trade agreement put forth by the UN to govern International trade operations. The different modes of transportation available for transportation need to be considered, keeping in mind a host of factors. This includes ensuring the safe transit of the beans at each and every point, right from the spot of purchase to the destination depot. Efforts also need to be made to make the process as economical as possible. The reduction in transportation charges would translate to higher levels of profit. The sharing of the costs involved in shipping the beans should be properly worked out and the decisions should be incorporated into the agreement. The point at which the seller’s liability ends also needs to be appropriately documented.   It is usually indicated by the INCO terms. Although economy in transportation is essential, it should not come at the cost of invaluable time. The goods also need to be transported within a reasonable timeframe. The laws regulating trade in the departure as well as destination points need to be properly interpreted, in order to avoid confusion at a later point of time. This calls for relevant paperwork which would certify the legitimacy of the whole process. To start with, the whole process needs to be broken down into different steps. The purchase of coffee beans can either be from a manufacturer or a wholesaler. Relevant proof of purchase provided should be provided by the seller, after receiving the agreed price. Other export licences should be purchased, in order to ship them to the depot in Durham. Then, the purchased beans are moved to a warehouse. Since the purchased goods are quite voluminous and bulky, transporting the goods through best the most cost-effective solution. However, the goods from the seller’s premises have to be transported to a warehouse. A warehouse is usually an empty storage with adequate facilities for moving goods. It is used by manufacturers, businesses, importers, wholesalers, exporters and customs agency to intermediately store goods. The seller would have to notify the buyer about the estimated time of arrival. The seller would also have to provide necessary proof documents of each stage involved in the carriage of the goods. A host of expenses are usually incurred during the carriage of goods from one country to another. This includes expenses incurred in Warehouse storage and labour, export packing, loading charges, inland freight, terminal charges, forwarder’s fee, vessel loading charges, charges upon arrival, ocean/ air freight, excise duty, taxes, customs and charges upon delivery at the destination. While carrying out International trade, the main concern is the surety of obtaining payments within an acceptable period of time. This concern is addressed by the concept of Documentary Credits. Documentary Credit is a system by which the buyer instructs his bank to pay the seller. On the basis of customer trust, the bank transfers the funds to the seller’s bank account on the behalf of the buyer. However, adequate documents in support of the concerned transaction will have sent from the ship to the seller’s bank. After verifying these documents, they are sent to the buyer’s bank for further processing (Fraud Aid, 2005). In this arrangement, the bank becomes the primary obligator, thereby promoting healthy International trade by eliminating doubts and concerns about payment. The written instruction given by the buyer to his bank is also commonly known as letter of credit (L/C). The International Chamber of Commerce has defined some internationally recognised trading terms. These terms are otherwise referred to as INCO terms 2000. These trading terms are commonly used during the overseas transportation of goods. They are used to indicate whether it is the seller or buyer that has to produce the required documents essential for carrying out trade on a global scale. The INCO terms should be followed by the named place mentioned in the contract (International Business Institute, 2000). The named place in this case is Durham, England. These terms are capable of designating the liabilities as well as rights of each party involved. Incoterms 2000 ‘Ex Works’ refers to type of delivery where the entire cost and risk of transporting the goods from seller’s premises to the final destination is borne by the buyer. This model is highly beneficial to the seller, since there is no risk involved. The seller does not even have to take up the responsibility of loading the goods from his premises, as the only obligation will be to make goods available. The relevant invoice and testimonials mentioned in the contract will also have to be provided by the seller. The short term for Ex Works is EXW. ‘Free Alongside Ship’ transfers the risk and cost of transportation when the seller transports the goods to the quay, alongside the ship. The abbreviation for Free Alongside Ship is FAS. In ‘Free Carrier’, the responsibility of ensuring the safety of the goods ends for the seller when the goods are handed over to the Carrier’s custody at a mutually agreed location. This location is referred to as the named point. In Free On Board, the seller bears the liability until the goods are put on board the ship at the Port of shipment. The port of shipment is mentioned in the contract. From this point, the risk transfers to the Buyer. This is commonly known as FOB. In Cost Freight (CFR), the seller ships the goods to the named Port of destination mentioned in the contract, by paying the freight charges. The buyer then takes up complete responsibility when the goods pass over the ships rail at the Port. The conditions of Cost Insurance Freight are similar to the previous one. However, the Seller has to take the additional responsibility of paying the insurance premium on the buyer’s behalf. This is denoted by CIF. The seller has to also incur expenses in insuring all the risks until the named destination, in the case of Carriage Insurance Paid (CIP). When the seller bears the freight charges of the goods until they reach the mutually agreed location, it is mentioned as Carriage Paid (APT). As soon as the goods reach the first carrier, it becomes a liability of the buyer. In Delivery at Frontier (DAB), the seller bears the charges and liabilities until the goods enter the Frontier.   When the goods reach the Customs process, it risk transfers to the buyer. Delivered Duty Paid (ADP) is most favorable to the buyer, since the seller will bear all charges incurred in delivering the goods to the buyer. Delivered Duty Unpaid is similar to ADP, with the exception of import duty and other official import charges that are borne by the buyer. In Delivered Ex Ship (DES), the responsibility and cost of transferring the goods passes from the seller to the buyer when the ship carrying the goods reaches the destination port. It will be the buyer’s responsibility to discharge the goods.   Delivered Ex Quay (DEQ) is of two types; Duty Paid and Duty on Buyers Account. The seller has the obligation to deliver the goods in the quay of the destination port. Either the buyer or the sealer takes up the responsibility of the paying the duty, according to the initial agreement. Farther considerations Many factors have to be considered when it comes to structuring a carriage contract agreement. There are three forms of carriage; common carriage, contract carriage and private carriage. Common carriage is a type of carrier service catering to the general public to perform common transportation services. These services have to be authorized by various government regulatory agencies. The tariffs that are charged for the service lawfully demanded locations are held by these agencies. Contract carriage involves transportation services to an unlimited number of posts. These agencies also have to get necessary authorization from the same agencies. Relevant contracts consisting of details about the minimum rates and charges are filed at different granting agencies and. Copies of this contract are also retained at the facilities of the shippers as well as the carriers.  Private carriage offers transportation services to business enterprises.   This service is for meant for manufacturers and distributors that transport their goods in their private vehicles driven by their own employees. It is also commonly known as shipper-carrier. The ‘distinct needs’ provision takes care of distinguishing the different carriage types. It is very essential to distinguish between a normal contract and a carriage contract; failure to accomplish this could result in several liability issues on both sides. This distinct needs provision helps to distinguish a carriage contract from a regular one. This provision incorporates certain unique terms and conditions including specific requirements of a shipper and the obligations that need to be satisfied by the contract carrier. Some of the commonly mention distinct needs in a carriage contract agreement are price adjustment clauses, terms of credit, incidental transportation charges, cargo transfer charges and specific delivery schedules. However, the shipper should truly comprise these unique services if they are mentioned. A certain degree of reasonableness should be allowed while dealing with carriage contracts. First of all, one has to understand various shipping term in order to comprehend the shipping rules better. ‘Carrier’ is a term used to refer to the person who signs the contract of carriage with a shipper. It is usually the owner or charterer who hires a ship to carry their cargo, passengers or other goods. ‘Shipper’ refers to the person who pays money to the carrier to transport his goods (Arnold, 2003). Hence, the term ‘shipper’ may either refer to the buyer or the seller of the beans, depending upon the INCO term in use. Carrier is the company or agency which undertakes to ship the beans from Brazil to England. The Contract of carriage will apply to agreements mentioned in the bill of lading or any similar document that concerns the carriage of goods by sea.   The term ‘goods’ is used to refer to wares, merchandise and other articles. However, live animals are not included in the goods category. Goods such as brandy and gun powder were classified as dangerous goods. The validity period of the Contract of carriage starts from the time of goods being loaded until they are unloaded from the ship. Hague Hague Visby Rules Hague rules were framed by the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading and Protocol of Signature. It came into effect on 25 August 1924 in Brussels. It was an effort to constitute a minimum mandatory liability for carriers, since most of them were evading the liability due to loss or damage of cargo. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development   (OECD), this was a move by the International community to fabricate a fair system for the shipper as well as the carrier. Even today, these rules act as the foundation for framing marine trading laws for a majority of the nations around the world. According to Hague Rules, the carrier will be liable to bear the cost of damaged or lost goods only if the shipper is able to prove that the shipper’s lack or absence of diligence. However, the carrier would not be held liable if the ship was unseaworthy. The carrier will also lose the liability to compensate for the goods, when the damage is caused by a natural calamity termed as ‘Act of God’ or a fire accident which is caused to due to any reason other than a fault in the carrier vessel. The carrier will also not be liable for damages caused due to the act of terrorists, war or and other anti-social elements like pirates. The carrier would not be responsible for a delay in the delivery of goods, if the delay was caused due to an emergency situation like lockouts, quarantine operations or public strikes. The shipper would not be able to claim damages from the carrier, even in the event of neglect of the duty by the employees of the ship.    Hence, this enabled the carrier to get away with liabilities arising as a result of errors made by the people working on board such as mariners and the carrier’s working staff, if the carrier was in a position to prove that the ship was seaworthy and adequately and appropriately manned (Admiralty Law Guide, 2006). Since this provision lets carriers to get away scot-free, it has posed a serious conflict in balancing liabilities between the carrier and shipper. Transportation of goods involves two main types of contracts. They are Carriage Contract Agreement and Bill of Lading Contract. Carriage Contract Agreements are usually signed when long shipments are involved. It serves as a continuing contract that stands for the safe delivery of goods to promised destination. It usually covers multiple shipments that are necessary to carry out a long shipment process. The complete shipment process may involve other modes of transportation such as ground and air shipment.   However, carriage contract can not serve as a receipt of merchandise. The Bill of Lading is issued by the carrier as a proof of receiving the goods and serves as receipt of merchandise. A Bill of Lading is an agreement for a single shipment process which may be a part of a long process. In the practical sense, it is a list of expenditures incurred towards loading goods into a vessel. It is governed by all the terms and conditions mentioned in the Carriage Contract. It also acts as certificate that verifies the authenticity of the loaded goods. Further, it indicates whether the received goods were in good condition or not. Depending upon condition of the goods and packaging, the Bill of Lading is classified as Clean or Foul Bill of Lading. It also is further proof of the existence of a Carriage Contract (Wikipedia, 2006). However, the Bill of lading and Carriage Contract are completely different entities and they serve different purposes. Hence, the Bill of Lading can not be used as a Contract Carriage and vice versa. There are three types of bill of lading; straight bill of lading, order bill of lading and bearer bill of lading. In straight bill of lading, the consignee can claim damages from the consigner when the goods are not delivered on time due to defaulting or negligence of the consigner. This bill of lading is non-negotiable. In order bill of lading, the consignee can obtain delivery of goods if the consignee provides a bill and evidence showing the consigner’s interest to transfer. This bill of lading is negotiable. In bearer bill of lading, any person holding the bill of landing is entitled to receive the goods. When the consigner does not mention the consignee’s name, it becomes a bearer bill and can be negotiated. Goods that are issued with a negotiable bill of lading can be received only if the original documents are presented at the time of delivery. However, the speeding of trade and transit operations has given way to the issue of non-negotiable documents for goods, which enables the consigner to receive the goods by just presenting the non-negotiable bill of lading (Forwarder Law, 2005). Some of the standard obligations that have to be fulfilled by the consigner include providing the carrier with consignees name and address and destination of the carriage. The nature, weight, volume and the quantity of the goods to be shipped are also to be clearly stated. Even the packing and wrapping style, number of packages and any other details needed to identify the goods need to be provided by the consigner. The consignor would be held be responsible for any damages, in the event of false or insufficient details being provided. According to Article 283 of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (CGSA) (1924), the Bill of Lading can be issued either in the name of a particular person or the bearer.   It usually consists of the following details, 1) Date of issuing the bill. 2) Venue where the bill was signed and brought to effect. 3) Place of departure and destination. 4) Names and addresses of the consignor, consignee, carrier and the carriage commission agent. 5) The value and identification details of the shipped items. 6) Date of shipping. 7) Freight and other expenses with an indication of whether they are payable by the consignor or the consignee. 8) The conditions pertaining to the loading and unloading, type of transport means required to be used for carriage, the route to be followed, a determination of the responsibility and any other special conditions which may be included in a carriage contract. In addition to the bill of lading, the carrier also issues a non-negotiable receipt called waybill which proves to be useful in a situation when the goods arrive before the transaction documents. It is also issued when the consignee and the consigner is the same person (Evans, 2001). This option can be chosen when the consigner decides to reduce paperwork. A ships delivery order is another document that undertakes to carry goods by sea. The provisions for this document are provided by the CGSA (1992). However, this document can neither substitute a waybill nor a bill of lading. According to Article 284 of the CGSA (1924), the carrier would be required to issue a bill of lading to the consigner. Alternatively, the carrier can also give a receipt mentioning the details of the goods carried and date of consignment to the consigner. The consigner would be required to deliver the goods to be shipped at the carrier’s premises. The consigner should also produce relevant document deemed necessary for shipping. The consigner will be held responsible for any liability arising as a result of inaccurate or incomplete information in the documents provided. According to Article 288 of the CGSA (1924), Since the carrier possesses the right to examine the packaged goods and the standard of packing before the carriage, the damage of goods arising due to improper packaging is not entirely borne by the consigner; the liability is shared with the carrier. According to Article 289 of the same Act, the initial examination of the goods would require the presence of the consigner, if opening of packaging is involved. If the consigner is absent during the inspection process, the examination would progress and examination costs would be levied from the consigner. If the carrier finds the goods to be unsuitable for transit, the consigner would be informed about the same. Such goods would be shipped by the carrier only if the consigner bears the liability of damage of goods and the consigner’s consent about the same is incorporated into the Bill of Lading. Cargo Insurance compensates the shipper with losses caused due to fire, loss of cargo and damage. However, losses that can be recovered from the carrier will not be compensated by Insurance Company. It is also popularly known as Marine insurance. It is further classified into Inland and Ocean Marine Insurance. Inland Marine Insurance is issued for goods that are transported without the involving any form sea transport and Ocean Marine Insurance is meant for goods that are shipped through waterways. The three pillars of Marine Insurance are insurable interest, utmost good faith, and indemnity (Export 911). Marine Insurance is not mandatory, unless it is mentioned so in the agreement. The proof of Insurance is provided by the Insurance policy duly signed by the authority of the Insurance Company.   Generally, the insurance would cover the loss or damage of coffee beans under normal circumstances. However, the insurance would become void when the shipper tries to or succeeds in causing intentional damage. When the loss of coffee beans is meagre or caused as a result of improper packaging, the insurance would not cover the loss. According to Article 292 of the CGSA (1924), the carrier is obliged to travel in the mutually agreed upon route mentioned in the agreement. However, the carrier is expected to take the shortest route if a route is not mentioned in the agreement. However, the carrier can change course if any unavoidable situation arises and the carrier would not be held liable for any loss caused to the consigner due to the late delivery of goods, provided a genuine reason is established. The goods being transported by the carrier should be properly safeguarded. The costs incurred in achieving this objective, such as repackaging charges are solely borne by the carrier. However, this does not imply taking additional care of the goods being transported. For instance, when animals are being shipped, the carrier will not be responsible for maintaining the health of the animal by providing food and water. The same condition will stand good while transporting plants as well. However, the carrier would have to take up such responsibilities, if such conditions governing the well-being of plants and animal are incorporated in the agreement Generally, the carrier will have the obligation to discharge the goods from the ship and bear the charges incurred towards it. In the event of the agreement not requiring the delivery of the shipped item to the consignee’s facility, then the consignee would have to receive the same on a particular date fixed by the carrier. If the consignee fails to do so, then s/he would have to bear the charges incurred by the carrier for storing the shipped item. However, the consignee has the right to examine the contents before acknowledging the receipt and refuse the same, if the carrier is not co-operating. The next protocol towards the emancipation of the shippers came in the form of the Brussels protocol in 1968. It was responsible for infusing an important clause called the container clause. It enabled shippers to claim the compensation for each container specified in the Bill of Lading (Admiralty Law, 2005). As a result, this liability system came to be known as the Hague-Visby Rules. An additional protocol was added in 1979 to enhance and revise the rules. However, neither of two supplementary protocols of the Hague rules was able to effectively modify the basic liability provisions. Hamburg Rules The Hamburg rules were enforced at the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea held in Hamburg on 30 March 1978. The chief objective was to enforce a system that would share the liabilities and obligations between shipper and carrier in fairer manner. However, it was only able to mildly move the liabilities to the carrier.   In addition to the terms carrier, shipper, goods and ship, a term called ‘Actual carrier’ is defined by the Hamburg rules. It refers to a person or an agency to which the carrier hands over the complete or partial responsibility of carrying the goods. The time period for claiming the liabilities caused by the carrier is also specified by the Hamburg rules. The shipper can sue the carrier for any liabilities with a two year time period from the date of delivery of the goods. This period can be extended by issuing appropriate legal declarations. However, this time period gets reduced to 90 days, in the case of a second claim after the verdict is reached for the first claim. First of all, a written complaint has to be instituted to the carrier within the next working day, in the case of apparent damage or loss. However, in the case of damage or loss not being evident, the shipper would have to file a written complaint to the carrier within 15 days of receiving the goods. In order to be in a position to claim damages due to delay, the carrier would have to give a compliant to the shipper within 60 days of the delivery. The complaint can be sent to the carrier in writing or via telegraph. Adequate facilities will also have provided by both parties to inspect and clarify these claims. If the shipper fails to satisfy any of the aforementioned conditions, he or she will not be able to claim damages from the carrier. The Hamburg rules also specify the limits for liability compensation. The compensation for the liabilities arising as a result of damage or loss can not exceed an amount more than 2.5 units of account per kilogram or 835 units of account per package. This unit is quantified by the International Monetary Fund as a result of a Special Drawing Right. If the shipper’s State is a member of the International Monetary Fund, then the units would be changed into the State’s currency on the judgment day. If the shipper’s State is not a member of the International Monetary Fund, the units would be converted according to the State’s local laws. The liabilities for delay in the delivery of goods should not be more than the total freight payable; it can be up to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods that are delayed, under the contract of carriage. Arbitrations Disputes The arbitration of these claims and general disputes would normally take place in a venue of the claimer’s preference. However, the place should be with in accordance to the stipulations mentioned. It should not be a place outside the State where the defendant’s business or residence is located. It can also take place in a State where the contract was signed or at the place of loading or unloading the goods. Judicial action may also be taken against the carrier in the same places mentioned above. It is better to insure the coffee beans before they are to be shipped onboard a vessel, due to the risks involved in transportation. Since the carriers have only restricted limitations, it does make sense to obtain insurance. Most carriers shipping from Sao Paulo to Durham, for instance ‘Xiameter’ (2006) follows Carriage and Insurance Paid (CIP) delivery. Therefore, it is better to ship the coffee beans through a reputed carrier, in order to minimise risks and complete the shipping within a desired period of time. Bibliographies ACE- Baracuda, Guide to Incoterms, http://www.ace-baracuda.com/template7.asp?pageid=26 (accessed at: 23 April 2006) Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide, International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading (Hague Rules), and Protocol of Signature: http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/haguerules1924.html (accessed at: 23 April 2006) Briel, E. (1947) International Straits: A treatise on International law, Nyt Nordisk Forlag, Copenhagen. Brooks, M, (2000) Sea Change in Liner Shipping: Regulation and Managerial Decision-Making in Global Industry, Pergamon press, Amsterdam. Brown, E.D. (1997) Law of Sea History. Bernhardt, R. (Ed), Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, Amsterdam, Northern Holland. Brugmann, G. (2003) Access to Maritime ports, Master of Laws (LLM), Books on Demand GmbH, Noderstedt, Germany. Caron, D. (1989) Ships, Nationality and Status. Bernhardt, R (Ed) Encyclopaedia of Public International law, Vol. 11, Amsterdam, Northern Holland. Lex Mercatoria: Information on United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea 1978: http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.sea.carriage.hamburg.rules.1978/doc (accessed at: 23 April 2006) References Admiralty Law (2005) Hague-Visby Rules. Available from: http://www.admiraltylaw.com/statutes/hague.html (accessed at: 29 April 2006). Admiralty Law Guide (2006) Hague Rules. Available from: http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/haguerules1924.html (accessed at: 28 April 2006). Arnold, A (2003) Relocation Terminology. Available from: http://www.aarnold.net/terminology.htm (accessed at: 28 April 2006). Evans, J (2001) Law of International Trade, 3rd Edition, Old Bailey Press, London. Cornell Law School. (2005) International Trade. Available from: http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/International_trade (accessed at: 29 April 2006). Export 911. Principles of Cargo Insurance. Available from: http://www.export911.com/e911/ship/principl.htm#xInstitute (accessed at: 30 April 2006). Forwarder Law. Status of Seaway Bills. Available from: http://www.forwarderlaw.com/library/view.php?article_id=237 (accessed at: 30 April 2006). Fraud Aid. (2005) Documentary Credit. Available from: http://www.fraudaid.com/Dictionary-of-Financial-Scam-Terms/documentary_credit.htm (accessed at: 28 April 2006). International Business Institute. (2000) Incoterms 2000. Available from: http://www.i-b-t.net/incoterms.html (accessed at: 29 April 2006). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Hague Rules of 1924. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/document/41/0,2340,en_2649_34367_2086825_1_1_1_1,00.html (accessed at: 29 April 2006) (2006) Bill of Lading. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_lading (accessed at: 28 April 2006). Xiameter (2006) Incoterms 2000 Descriptions. Available from: xiameter.com/content/bxrules/incoterms.pdf (accessed at: 24 April 2006).

Comparing Black Boy and Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- comparis

Black Boy and Their Eyes Were Watching God      Ã‚   After World War I, Harlem became known for the sudden emergence of literature, theater and music attributed to the migration of African Americans from the South and other cities. Both Zora Neal Hurston and Richard Wright emerged as writers this time, this, however, should not be the sole basis for comparison of their writing as writers themselves. Both Wright and Hurston had different agendas as writers and it is not as important to note their upbringing and backgrounds, but their audiences and the reason that drove them to write.    Zora Neal Hurston was born in Eatonville, Florida, an all black community in 1891. She is known mainly for her novels, but she was also an anthropologist and folklorist. She studied under Franz Boas while at Barnared College and conducted fieldwork in Harlem. This is important because it held her to systematically collect and study the legends, myths and dialect of her informants. Boas stressed that no culture is superior to another and cultures should be studied equally. Hurston was criticized for using dialect, being a "sensual" writer and writing for the mainstream (white) society. Her writing was unlike Wright's, whom Henry Louis Gates, Jr. calls "Hurston's dominant black male contemporary and rival" (188).    Richard Wright was born in 1908 in Mississippi and describes his childhood an autobiographical novel he published in 1945, Black Boy. Wright grew up in the racially charged South and sought to quench the physical hunger he has felt since his father abandoned the family and the spiritual hunger that he was unable to find even though his grandmother was very religious. This hunger, whether tangible or not, led him on a journey... ...cs such as goodness, humility, love, or kindness. His writing can be interpreted as a call to arms at a time when he felt Blacks were apathetic to the problems facing Blacks. The wide scope of these two writers shows how labels are used to categorize people, thus creating a stereotype.    Works Cited Gates,Henry Louis Jr. Afterward. "Zora Neale Hurston: 'A Negro Way of Saying.'" Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston. 1990 ed. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Perennial Library, 1990 ed. Walker, Alice. "In Search of Zora Neale Hurston." Ms. (March 1975): 74-79, 85-89. Ward, Jerry W. Jr. Introduction. Black Boy. 1998 ed. Washington, Mary Helen. Foreword. Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston. 1990 ed. Wright, Richard. Black Boy (American Hunger): A Record of Childhood and Youth. 1998 ed. Comparing Black Boy and Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- comparis Black Boy and Their Eyes Were Watching God      Ã‚   After World War I, Harlem became known for the sudden emergence of literature, theater and music attributed to the migration of African Americans from the South and other cities. Both Zora Neal Hurston and Richard Wright emerged as writers this time, this, however, should not be the sole basis for comparison of their writing as writers themselves. Both Wright and Hurston had different agendas as writers and it is not as important to note their upbringing and backgrounds, but their audiences and the reason that drove them to write.    Zora Neal Hurston was born in Eatonville, Florida, an all black community in 1891. She is known mainly for her novels, but she was also an anthropologist and folklorist. She studied under Franz Boas while at Barnared College and conducted fieldwork in Harlem. This is important because it held her to systematically collect and study the legends, myths and dialect of her informants. Boas stressed that no culture is superior to another and cultures should be studied equally. Hurston was criticized for using dialect, being a "sensual" writer and writing for the mainstream (white) society. Her writing was unlike Wright's, whom Henry Louis Gates, Jr. calls "Hurston's dominant black male contemporary and rival" (188).    Richard Wright was born in 1908 in Mississippi and describes his childhood an autobiographical novel he published in 1945, Black Boy. Wright grew up in the racially charged South and sought to quench the physical hunger he has felt since his father abandoned the family and the spiritual hunger that he was unable to find even though his grandmother was very religious. This hunger, whether tangible or not, led him on a journey... ...cs such as goodness, humility, love, or kindness. His writing can be interpreted as a call to arms at a time when he felt Blacks were apathetic to the problems facing Blacks. The wide scope of these two writers shows how labels are used to categorize people, thus creating a stereotype.    Works Cited Gates,Henry Louis Jr. Afterward. "Zora Neale Hurston: 'A Negro Way of Saying.'" Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston. 1990 ed. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Perennial Library, 1990 ed. Walker, Alice. "In Search of Zora Neale Hurston." Ms. (March 1975): 74-79, 85-89. Ward, Jerry W. Jr. Introduction. Black Boy. 1998 ed. Washington, Mary Helen. Foreword. Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston. 1990 ed. Wright, Richard. Black Boy (American Hunger): A Record of Childhood and Youth. 1998 ed.

Having Positive Attitude Is Vital Education Essay

I would wish to lucubrate deeply about my positive attitude. Having positive attitude is critical. This leads to a motivated acquisition squad, a comfartable work environment and besides happy personal life. It is difficult to happen a scenario which a individual with positive attitude and full of regards been scolded. No negative or bad attitudes make my personal life great. I socialized with my household with happy and respectful ideas which motivate themself to portion their felicity with me and others. With my attitude keeps people around me in a good temper. This characteristic makes me to pull off the tense state of affairss during my survey session particularly when I have task to finish my assignment before due day of the month. Being positive motivates and encourages others to be compliant and respectful. Besides, a positive attitude will be good in my acquisition squad because it will advance teamwork and friendly relationships. I think that a happy, friendly squad will be more productive than a squad that argues and disagrees. Biologically, my blood group is B positive ( B+ ) and this may reflect me to be positive. My 2nd strength is forbearance. It is so much nicer to cover with people that are patient. Patient people do non disrupt others, but alternatively they listen and are helpful. In my personal life, I have an autistic nephew who requires tonss of forbearance. Being autocratic, angry, and snappy will merely do my nephew reasoning backward and go really hard to manage. I must speak easy to him and reiterate myself several times so that he will understand me. In my survey environment, it is besides imperative that I am patient. I deal with difficult and hard assignment inquiry. Each inquiry has their ain grade of troubles. Therefore, I need to suppress each of the inquiries with my best reply and support it with sensible grounds. I patiently search for the articles sing several subject and supply my best reply to guarantee myself acquiring great consequence in my survey. In add-on, forbearance is a must when take parting in a squad environment. When many people get together in a squad, th ings frequently progress quickly and sometimes acquire sloppy or misunderstood. Using forbearance will keep consistence, accurateness, and organisation. After describe the strength of myself I must now convey that I have failings. I am non ace homo, nor a perfect individual. My failings frequently frustrate and challenge me, but my positive attitude forces me to rectify and suppress my failings. The failing which I can establish in myself is public speech production. I get really nervous. The mark is my custodies get dank and get down to sudate. Droplets of H2O appear on my face and I mumble my words when I start to talk in forepart of big group of people. This job does non give a immense impact in my personal life nor will it impact my online acquisition squad, but it does impact my day-to-day responsibilities at college. I speak with others particularly my friends sing general cognition and household members that are incarcerated. I am told that my jitteriness does non demo, but before and during every address I feel my custodies shake, my pess get dank, and my face perspiration. Over the old ages, I have fought this conflict of pu blic speech production by making many things. First, I completed a college degree English category. Second, I completed a college degree speech category. Recently, I am taking and English tuition category to heighten my communicating accomplishment and widen my English vocabulary. My 2nd blind topographic point that I must acknowledge is the deficit of organisation accomplishment. I organize my assignment documents by fliping them on my survey desk and shut the door so I will avoid myself to look at them. I largely fear of my computing machine room. It is difficult for me to happen my belonging particularly in my survey room because of my unorganised attitudes. When assignment season arrives, it will be a catastrophe. The laxation in organisation lengthens the clip to finish those assignments. I frequently lose my of import notes and my framework paper. This affair requires me to carry through my undertaking twice the existent clip needed. I lose my valuable clip which I can busy that cherished clip together with my household. Besides that, this will earnestly impact my larning squad. Before it acquiring much terrible, I have to better my demeanor to be a better organise individual. I will non scare up myself when I see documents incorporating college assignme nt. A desk together with registering cabinets and a twenty-four hours contriver calendar will be the suited tools to assist me to get the better of my job. The frights of my bad consequence in my sheepskin degree recognize me that organisation accomplishment is important to win in my survey and any range of my life. I have strengths and I have failings. I have taken a good expression at myself in the mirror and I know I am the lone 1 that can assist me suppress my failings and better my strengths. I am proud of my positive attitude and forbearance which are my strengths. In add-on, I am motivated to better my public speech production and organisation accomplishments so I can concentrate on other of import issues, such as finishing my instruction. My strengths give me happiness and motive to assist others and my failings are merely every bit weak as I let them be. I do take to go a instructor was non a determination made immediately. This declaration was a acme of a procedure of recoil about what I wanted to accomplish in my life. I make a determination to be in instruction line because I convinced this is the most important maps pattern in our civilization today. The ability to alter and better the universe to be a better topographic point to populate starts from the attempt and thought given by instructors. I hope to heighten both my personal and professional accomplishment during the procedure of learning. Bing a baronial profession is my primary way with the hope that I will be counted among successful hereafter instructors imbues others. Many dramatic instructors that teach me do go my function theoretical accounts and heroes. In secondary school and college, I began to recognize that amazing instructors have their typical accomplishments that I need to larn. Following their illustrations can do me to go person in the society. Good at elu cidate content of a topic, house and patient towards pupils, ever be just among pupil, puting high and realistic outlooks, have the accomplishment to advice and motivate others are some of the index needed to go a great instructor. From the characteristic listed, I intend to catch them all in order to go a fantastic instructor. Somehow, I do recognize that my instruction accomplishment will boom as I work on my ain cognition, experiences, values and strengths. I want pupil to analyze in a comfy and safe environment. Therefore, it will increase their self-esteem. High degree of self-pride will assist the pupil strive to accomplish their ends. Helping them to makes their dreams come true will be the of import function that I need to transport. I will hold the chance of configure proactive hereafter parents and member of society. I do frequently inquire myself, what a better occupation it could be instead than being a instructor after naming all those grounds. The reply is none. It will be a immense part from me for the society. I can make an ambitious society and I am proud with the chance given to me. During my undergraduate plan late in University of Wales, United Kingdom, A I am taking Computer Science class. This will assist me to double maestro myself both in Information Technology and learning. Most of the minor categories that I enrol are communicating and psychological science, which would assist me in my calling as a instructor. Other than that, I do besides learn in a private tuitions centre as my portion clip occupation. During that clip I besides spent considerable sum of clip detecting schoolrooms. With strong instruction background and the broad scope of experience that I gain in schoolroom, I realize that learning will be the most suited calling for me. â€Å" Razin you ‘re an dreamer † this is been told to me. I want to give my best service for everyone. I set high aim as a instructor and set 1000s of attempt to carry through it. Therefore, it gives a good illustration to my pupils that if we put attempt we can make our ends. My pupil will larn, understand and construe into existent life all the cognition which I thought them in category. I want to do my pupils wonder what they are larning. Make them inquiry, think critically, write, read and maintain on reading. By this they will widen their cognition. A superb instructor is non merely merely explain and demonstrate instance survey to their pupil but person who inspires. This cherished characteristic create an first-class instructor and drive them extra mile farther than others. A great instructor will explicate inquiry been asked by their pupil and do them to the full understood and non allow their pupil walk off in uncertainty. Brainstorm will be the best tools used by extraordinary instructor to convey peculiar lesson program if the pupil did non understand and the lesson period terminals. He or she would believe, â€Å" How am I traveling to explicate this peculiar construct to my pupil and they need to understand clearly what am I learning? † This type of instructor I intend to be. Ability to animate others is non merely a gift or an chance but it ‘s a challenge. Presently, we can see that there are 1000s of pedagogues still with their old head set and do non like to accept this challenge. This serious affair demand to be alteration. Nowadays, pupils been forced to school. Most of the times, pupil will believe that larning is non their chief precedence but instruction is instructors occupation. Students ever learn but may non the same as lesson Teach by their instructor. An first-class instructor will non merely expert on their field but cognizant with current issues and fix themself to learn â€Å" something † else. The re are something prove to be more valuable than cognition itself which is ethical motives and character. I want to animate the kids who will stand for the hereafter of our great state. I believe that, the clip I set my end there will be the obstructions to halt me accomplishing it. The most common barrier to making my potency is my mentality. What and how I think about myself and what I wish to accomplish. I limit myself by the negative ideas I think and say to myself. If you think and believe that you can non carry through something, so that will come true and you will neglect. However, when you think that you can carry through a undertaking or get the better of a state of affairs, and you put in the attempt, you will win. Remember you ca n't merely trust something will come true, or merely state to yourself I will win, I will win and things will go on – you have to take control and take action. I frequently hear people say they have failed in the yesteryear or things have non worked out for them so they are bound to neglect if they try once more. This is merely an alibi. Because you failed in the yesteryear does non intend you will neglect once more. You s hould believe of things that happened in the yesteryear in footings of what you can larn from them. See everything as feedback instead than failure. What will brooding on past events achieve for you? Will it do you better? Will it function to do you experience worse? Think about this. The yesteryear is merely good so we can larn from our errors – it serves really small other intent. The yesteryear is over and done with we ca n't alter it, merely learn from it. Negativity can truly halt you from making your possible. Believe it or non negativeness is more prevailing than positiveness. Negative influences are all around – in the newspaper on the wireless and on Television. Not merely this sometimes we get negative messages from household, friends, and colleagues who are stuck in a negative mentality and believe they are assisting you by † being realistic † when in fact they are non assisting at all. Mixing excessively much with these people will merely functi on to convey you down, instead than raise you up. The best thing you should make when making your potency is to environ yourself with like-minded people who are besides endeavoring for success. Positive successful people like to assist other people achieve success excessively. Having positive support is really of import. One thing that stops many people from making their potency and being successful is that they lack a program. I am ever amazed at how people can be after their summer vacations for months, yet when they are asked what plans they have for life and what ends have they set they merely look at you with a clean face! Too many people go through life merely taking what is handed to them. They let others make their determinations for them. Never do they put out ends and program for the hebdomads or months in front. It is indispensable that you take the clip to put out ends, figure out how to make those ends, and do a timeline for success. This procedure is vitally of import but is frequently ignored. Sample of Personal Development Plan Name Muhammad Razin Bin Amir Hamzah Course Title Cardinal Life Long School University of Wales, United Kingdom Degree Bachelor in Computer Science Where am I now? Study in University of Wales, United Kingdom. What do I desire to carry through? Complete my survey in Computer Science. How do I accomplish it? Study smart with proper survey methodological analysis. Create head map. What might halt me? Indolent to make alteration. Do non pay attending during lesson. Time Scales Start Date End Date Remarks Short Term ends 3 SEPTEMBER 2012 3 SEPTEMBER 2014 Achieve first category award in my degree degree. Long Term ends 4 SEPTEMBER 2014 4 SEPTEMBER 2024 Accomplish my aspiration to be a lector or high school instructor.